The articular processes (zygapophyses) of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and lamin. – The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces (coated with hyaline cartilage) are directed more or less backward. – The inferior processes project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward.